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SYLLABUS 


OF 


A Collegiate Course of Thirty Lectures 


ON 


American Literature 


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CLYDE FURST, A. M. 


SECRETARY OF THE FACULTY, TEACHERS COLLEGE 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 


COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY 

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 

MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS 
NEW YORK CITY 








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AMERICAN LITERATURE 


A Collegiate Course of Thirty Lectures 

PREFATORY NOTE 

The following suggested readings endeavor to select from the large 
amount of literature that has been produced in the United States the 
works of greatest significance; the authors that are treated separately are 
those of whom no American should be ignorant. 

Of the biographies, the authoritative are usually listed first, the others 
being given in chronological order. The recommended writings and criti¬ 
cisms are also listed in chronological order, so that the development of 
an author’s work and of the public’s appreciation may be followed. 

Tdpics for essays should be selected through consultation with the 
lecturer. 


I. INTRODUCTORY 

The physical character of North America, — its surface, contour, resources, 
and climate — together .with its influence upon population — is dis¬ 
cussed by Professor J. D. Whitney {The United States, 1889), Pro¬ 
fessor N. S. Shaler {The United States : A Study of the American 
Commonzvealth, 1894), and other scholars. The results of their studies 
are embodied in many popular manuals of geography; in guide-books, 
such as those of Baedeker (imported by Scribner), and of Appleton; 
and in thre‘"introductory chapters of the larger histories of life and of 
literature in the United States (see below). 

The characteristics of the people of the United States, — social, industrial, 
social, religious, educational, artistic, and recreative — have been noted 
by such foreign visitors as Mrs. G. M. Trollope {Domestic Manners of 
the Americans, 18.31), Charles Dickens {American Notes, 1842), E. A. 
Freeman {Some Impressions of the United States, 1883), and Paul 
Blouet [Max O’Rell] {Jonathan and his Continent, 1888). The whole 
of American literature is, from one point of view, a contribution to 
the study of American manners and customs. 

The history and politics of the United States have been studied by dis¬ 
tinguished Europeans, like A. C. H. C. de Tocqueville, in Democracy in 
America (1835) [translation, edited by President Daniel C. Gilman, 
1898], and James Bryce, in The American Commonwealth (1888) ; and 
by the American historians and essayists in volumes mentioned below. 

Literature in the United States is treated, generally, in: 

The biographies — American Men of Letters series (issued by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston), the American Statesmen series (issued 
by the same), the Beacon Biographies (issued by Small, Maynard 
& Co., Boston), and the Great Writers Series (issued by Walter 
Scott, London), in addition to the numerous individual biographies 
noted below. 


3 



4 


A meric an L i ter a hire 


The collections, — A Library of American Literature, edited by Ed¬ 
mund Clarence Stedman and Ellen McKay Hutchinson, n vols. 
New York, 1888-90; Library of the World’s Best Literature, edited 
by Charles Dudley Warner, 30 vols., New York, 1896-98; and An 
American Anthology (of poetry), edited by E. C. Stedman, 1 voh, 
Boston, 1900. 

The general critical studies, — Professor • Moses Coit Tyler, History 
of American Literature during the Colonial Time, 2 vols., 1896; 
and Literary History of the American Revolution, 2 vols., 1887; 
Professor Charles F. Richardson, American Literature, 1607-1885, 
New York, 1886-88; Professor Brander Matthews, Introduction to 
American Literature, New York, 1896; Professor Barrett Wendell, 
A Literary History of America, 1901; and Professor William P. 
Trent, American Literature, New York, 1903. Critical studies of 
individual authors are often to be found in the various standard en¬ 
cyclopaedias, and in recent issues of current periodicals (see Poole’s 
Index, The Cumulative Index, and The Review of Reviews Index). 

The natural scenery, and the painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and 
drama of the United States are the subjects of many excellent studies 
concerning which readers may find direction by consulting the ap¬ 
propriate articles in the standard encyclopaedias. 


II. THE STUDY OF LITERATURE 


See Lowell: Books and Libraries (Among My Books, 1875); Frederic 
Harrison: The Choice of Books (1886); Augustine Birrell: The 
Office of Literature (Obiter Dicta, 1887); Edward Dowden: The 
Interpretation of Literature (Transcripts and Studies, 1896) ; Hiram 
Corson: The Aims of Literary Study (1896). See also, — Matthew 
Arnold: The Study of Poetry (Essays in Criticism, 1888); Stedman: 
The Nature and Elements of Poetry (1892) ; F. B. Gummere: Hand¬ 
book of Poetics (1895). See also, — Walter Besant: The Art of 
Fiction (1884); Henry James: Art and Fiction (1885); W. D. 
Howells: Criticism and Fiction (1891); Marion Crawford: The 
Novel, What It Is (1896) ; Brander Matthews: Aspects of Fiction. 


III. EARLY COLONIAL WRITERS 


The Descriptive and Historical Writers, — Captain John Smith (1579- 
1631), William Bradford (1588-1657), Edward Winslow (1595-1655), 
Governor John Winthrop (1587-1649), Thomas Morton ( ? -1646), 
Nathaniel Ward (1570-1653), Judge Samuel Sewell (1662-1730), Rev. 
Thomas Prince (1687-1758), and President William Stith (1689-1755). 

The Religious Writers, — Rev. Thomas Hooker (1586-1647), Rev. John 
Cotton (1585-1652), Rev. Roger Williams (1606-1683), Rev. John 
Eliot (1604-1690), Rev. Samuel Willard (1640-1707), and President 
James Blair (1656-1743). 

The Early Poets.— The Bay Psalm Book (1640), Mrs. Anne Bradstreet 
(1612-1672), Rev. Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1715), Phillis Wheatley 
(1750-1784), President Timothy Dwight (1752-1817), John Trumbull 
(1750-1831), and Joel Barlow (1755-1812), are all of interest as pio¬ 
neers in American literature, rather than as producers of works of 
permanent interest. Accounts of them and their work are given in 
the introductory chapters of all the larger histories of American liter¬ 
ature. 


LC Control Number 



2004 530061 



































Edwards, Franklin 


5 


IV. JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703-1758) 

Life: Rev. Professor A. V. E. Allen, Jonathan Edwards, Boston, 1887, 
latest biography. 

Writings: Collected Works, New York, 1857, and various other 
editions. 

Recommended: Extracts from his Diary, the Personal Narra¬ 
tive of his religious experiences, the sermon Sinners in the Hands 
of an Angry God (1741), and An Inquiry into the Freedom of the 
Will (1754). 

Criticism: Leslie Stephen, in Honrs in a Library, second series (1879), 
and Dr. Holmes, in Pages from an Old Volume of Life (1883). 

Other noted theologians were the Mathers, — Richard (1596-1669), his 
son Increase (1639-1723), his son Cotton (1663-1728), and his son 
Samuel (1706-1785). Increase, President of Harvard (1685-1701), 
wrote nearly one hundred books, the best being, An Essay for the 
Recording of Illustrious Providences . . . especially in New England 
(1684). Cotton Mather, the greatest of the four, was the author of 
four hundred publications, the more significant being, Late Memorable 
Providence Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions (1689), Magnolia 
Christi Americana: or the Ecclesiastical History of New England 
(1702), and Essays to do Good (1710). 


V. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790) 

Life: John Bigelow, Franklin, A Sketch , Boston. 1879; Paul L. Ford, 
The Real Benjamin Franklin; Professor J. B. McMaster, Life of 
Franklin, in American Men of Letters series; John T. Morse, Jr., 
Life of Franklin, in American Statesmen series; James Parton, 
Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin, 2 vols., New York, 1864. 
Writings : Franklin Bibliography, by Paul L. Ford, 1897; collected 
Works, ed. by Jared Sparks, 10 vols., Boston, 1836-40; also ed. by 
John Bigelow, 10 vols., New York, 1887-89. The Life of Benjamin 
Franklin, written by Himself (the autobiography), ed. by John 
Bigelow, 3 vols., Philadelphia, 3rd ed., 1893; and in many popular 
editions. Poor Richard’s Almanach, ed. by Ford, New York; also 
in Riverside Literature series (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston), 
and in other popular editions. 

Recommended: The Autobiography, and The Speech of Father 
Abraham, from Poor Richard’s Almanach. 

Criticism: John Bigelow, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. IX., and 
in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. X. 

Other noted writers of early memoirs and letters were several members 
of the distinguished Adams family, — John (1735-1826), second Presi¬ 
dent of the United States; Abigail (1744-1818), his wife; and John 
Quincy (1767-1848), sixth President of the United States. The Famil¬ 
iar Letters of John Adams and His Wife Abigail Adams, during the 
Revolution, are contained in the Life and Works of John Adams, 10 
vols., 1850-56, edited, like the Diary and Memoirs of John Quincy 
Adams, 12 vols., 1874-77, by the son of the latter, Charles Francis 
Adams (1807-1886), minister to England, and father of Professor 
Henry Adams, the historian. 

More recent memoirs of note are the Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, 
eighteenth President of the United States (1822-1885) ; and Twenty 
Years in Congress (1884-1886), by Secretary of State James G. Blaine, 
1830-1893. 


6 


A meric an Literature 


VI. STATESMEN OF THE REVOLUTION 

George Washington (1732-1799). Recommended: The Farewell Ad¬ 
dress (1796), extracts from the Letters. See collected Works, ed. 
by Jared Sparks, 1834-37, and lives by Chief Justice John Marshall, 
5 vols., 1804-7; 1 voh, 1832; Jared Sparks, 1834; Washington Irving, 
5 vols., 1855-59; and others. 

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). Recommended: The Declaration of 
Independence (1776), the Inaugural Address (1801), selections from 
the Memoirs, Correspondence, etc. See collected Works, ed. by T. 
J. Randolph, 4 vols., 1829; and H. Washington, 9 vols., 1853-54; and 
lives by Tucker, 1837; Randall, 1858; Parton, 1874; and others. 
Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804). Recommended.: Selections from 
The Federalist (1788). See collected Works, ed. by John C. Ham¬ 
ilton (1851, 1857), and by Henry Cabot Lodge; and lives by J. C. 
Hamilton, 1857; Reithmiiller, 1864; Morse, 1876; Shea, 1880; Lodge, 
1882; and others. 

Other noted political writings of the period were, — President James Madi¬ 
son (1751-1836), “The Father of the Constitution”; selections from 
The Federalist; Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense (1776), 
selections from The Crisis (1777-1783) ; and Patrick Henry (1736- 
1799) : Speech in the Virginia Convention (1775). 


VII. WASHINGTON IRVING (1783-1859) 

Life: Life of Washington Irving, by Pierre M. Irving (his nephew), 
4 vols., New York, 1862, and later in 3 vols., the standard biography; 
Life of Washington Irving, initial volume, 1881, of the American 
Men of Letters series, by its editor, Charles Dudley Warner; Studies 
of Irving, 1880, includes William Cullen Bryant’s memorial oration, 
personal reminiscences by Irving’s publisher, George P. Putnam, 
and an introduction by C. D. Warner. 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions, by G. P. 
Putnam’s Sons, New York. There are numerous popular editions 
of single works, often with annotations and illustrations, by numer¬ 
ous publishers. 

Recommended: Flistory of New York. By Diedrich Knicker¬ 
bocker (1809) ; the Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1819-20), 
especially Rip Van Winkle, and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; and 
The Alhambra (1832). 

Criticism: Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; Thackeray, in “Nil 
Nisi Bonum,” in Roundabout Papers, 1862 ; Richard Garnett, in 
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. XIII; C. D. Warner, The Work of 
Washington Irving, Harper’s Black and White Series, 1893; George 
William Curtis, in Literary and Social Essays, 1894; W. D. Howells, 
in My Literary Passions, 1895. 


VIII. JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789-1851) 

Life: lames Fenimore Cooper, by Professor Thomas R. Lounsbury, 
in American Men of Letters series, 1883; Bryant’s memorial oration 
in his Collected Essays, Tales, and Orations, 1884. 

Writings: Collected Works, issued by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., with 
introduction by the author's daughter, Susan Fenimore Cooper; and 
by several other publishers; numerous editions of single volumes, 
some with annotations. 


I 


Poe, Hawthorne 


7 


Recommended: The Spy (1821), The Pilot (1823), and The 
Last of the Mohicans (1826). The “Leatherstocking Series” is 
composed of The Deerslayer (1841), The Last of the Mohicans 
(1826), The Pathfinder (1840), The Pioneers (1823), and The 
Prairie (1827). 

Criticism: Rufus W. Griswold, in Prose Writers of America, 1846; 
Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; Thackeray in “On a Peal of 
Bells,” in Roundabout Papers, 1862 ; William Winter, in Old 
Shrines and Ivy, 1892; Julian Hawthorne, in Warner’s Library of 
the World’s Best Literature, Vol. VII, 1897. 


IX. EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849) 


Life: Edgar Allan Poe, by George Edward Woodberry, in American 
Men of Letters series, Boston, 1885; also, condensed, in Volume I 
of collected works. 

Writings: Collected Works, edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman 
and Professor Woodberry, 10 vols., Stone and Kimball, Chicago, 
1895. There are several other collected editions, and numerous 
editions of selected tales and poems, one by Professor William P. 
Trent, Riverside Literature series, 1897. 

Recommended: Prose tales: A Descent into the Maelstrom, The 
Gold Bug, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Fall of the House 
of Usher, Ligeia, and The Purloined Letter; Criticism: The 
Philosophy of Composition, The Poetic Principle, and excerpts from 
The Literati; Poems: The Raven, The Bells, Annabel Lee, Ulalume. 
Poe’s entire poetical output may easily be read at a sitting. 

Criticism: Lowell in A Fable for Critics, 1848; Thomas Wentworth 
Higginson, in Short Studies of American Authors, 1879; E. C. Sted¬ 
man, in Edgar Allan Poe: An Essay, Boston, 1881, and 
in Poets of America, 1886, and in his introductory essays in 
the collected Works; Andrew Lang, in his English edition of the 
Poems; Professor Brander Matthews, in Pen and Ink, 1888; and 
F. W. H. Myers, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Liter¬ 
ature, 1897. 


X. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864) 


Life: Nathaniel Hazvthorne and His Wife, by Julian Hawthorne (the 
author’s son), 2 vols., Boston, 1884; Memories of Hazvthorne, by 
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop (the author’s daughter), Boston, 1897 1 
and A Study of Hazvthorne, by George Parsons Lathrop (her hus¬ 
band), Boston, 1876 ; see, also, the reminiscences of Hawthorne’s 
publisher, James T. Field, in Yesterdays zvith Authors, Boston, 
1872 ; Moncure D. Conway’s Nathaniel Hazvthorne, in the English 
Great Writers series ; and Henry James’s Hazvthorne, London, 
1879 - 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions, by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; the Riverside Edition, with Notes by 
G. P. Lathrop. There are numerous popular editions of single 
works. 

Recommended: Tzvice Told Tales (1837), Mosses from an Old 
Manse (1846), The Scarlet Letter (.1850), The House of the Seven 
Gables (1851), and The Marble Faun (i860). 


8 


American Literature 


Criticism: Leslie Stephen, in Hours in a Library, 1874; Richard H. 
Stoddard, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. XI; T. W. Higginson, 
in Short Studies of American Authors, 1879; Richard Holt Hutton, 
in Essays in Literary Criticism; G. W. Curtis, in Hawthorne, and 
The Works of Nathaniel Hazvthorne, in Literary and Social Essays, 
1894; W. D. Howells, in My Literary Passions, 1895; and Henry 
James, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. 
XII, 1897. 


XI. LESSER NOVELISTS, AND NARRATORS OF TRAVEL 

Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) : Wieland (1798). 

James Kirke Paulding (1779-1860) : The Dutchman’s Fireside (1831). 
William Gilmore Simms (1806-1880) : Yemassee (1835). 

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) : Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). 

Josiah Gilbert Holland (1819-1881) : Nicholas Minturn (1877). 

Charles Dudley Warner (1829-1899) : A Little Journey into the 
World (1889). 

Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) : Little Women (1868). 

Frank R. Stockton (1834-1903) : Rudder Grange (1879). 

Narrators of Travel 

Richard Henry Dana, Sr. (1815-1882) : Two Years Before the Mast 
(1840). 

Herman Melville (1819-1891) : Typee (1846). 

Bayard Taylor (1825-1878) : Views Afoot (1846). 

Samuel L. Clemens (b. 1835) : A Tramp Abroad (1880). 


XII. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794-1878) 


Life: A Biography of William Cullen Bryant, by Parke Godwin (his 
nephew), 2 vols., New York, 1883, the standard biography; William 
Cullen Bryant, by David J. Hill, American Authors series, New 
York, 1879; Life of William Cullen Bryant, by John Bigelow, 
American Men of Letters series, 1893. 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions, one edited 
by Parke Godwin, by Appleton & Co., New York, 4 vols., 1883. 
The Household edition of the poems, 1 vol., 1878, has an intro¬ 
duction by R. H. Stoddard. There are other one-volume editions, 
and numerous popular editions of selections. 

Recommended: The poems,— Thanatopsis, To a Waterfowl, 
Green River, A Forest Hymn, The Death of the Flowers, To the 
Fringed Gentian, Hymn of the City, and The Flood of Years; 
selections from the translation of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. 

Criticism : Lowell, in A Fable for Critics; Stedman, in Poets of 
America; R. H. Stoddard, in introduction to the Household edition; 
George William Curtis, in The Life, Character, and Writings of 
William Cullen Bryant, New York, 1879; Joseph Alden, in Studies 
in Bryant, in the American Book Company’s series of Literature 
Primers; Elbert Hubbard, in LAttle Journeys to the Homes of 
American Authors (G- P. Putnam’s Sons) ; and George Parsons 
Lathrop, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, 
Vol. V, 1897. 


9 


Longfellozv, Whittier 

XIII. HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882) 

Life: The Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, by Samuel Long¬ 
fellow (brother of the poet), 3 vols., Boston, 1886; and Final Mem¬ 
ories of Longfellow, edited by the same, Boston, 1888, form the 
standard biography. See also the biographical sketch by F. H. 
Underwood, Boston, 1882; the life by Professor Eric Robertson, 
in the English Great Writers Series; Professor George R. Carpenter’s 
Beacon Biography, Longfellozv, Boston, 1901; and Mr. Howells’s 
My Literary Friends and Acquaintances. 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; the Cambridge Edition, 1893, includes, 
in one volume, all the poems, with an introduction and notes by 
H. E. Scudder. There are other one-volume editions, and nu¬ 
merous popular editions of selections, some with annotations, many 
with illustrations. 

Recommended: The poems, — A Psalm of Life, The Skeleton 
in Armor, The Wreck of the Hesperus, The Village Blacksmith, 
The Rainy Day, Excelsior, The Belfry of Bruges, The Bridge, The 
Day is Done, The Old Clock on the Stairs, The Arrow and the Song, 
Evangeline, The Building of the Ship, The Song of Hiawatha, The 
Courtship of Miles Standish, My Lost Youth, The Children's Hour, 
Paul Revere’s Ride, Divina Commedia, Morituri Salutamus, Chaucer, 
Shakespeare, Milton, and selections from the translation of Dante’s 
Divine Comedy. 

Criticism: Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; E. P. Whipple, in 
Essays and Review's, Boston, 1849; Stedman, in Poets of America, 
1886; H. E. Scudder, in Men and Letters, 1887, and, again, in intro¬ 
duction to Cambridge Edition, 1893; Andrew Lang, in Letters on 
Literature; Thomas Davidson, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. 
XIV; George William Curtis, in Literary and Social Essays, 1894; 
Charles F. Johnson, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best 
Literature, Vol. XVI, 1897. 


XIV. JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807-1892) 

Life: Life and Letters of John Grccnleaf Whittier, by Samuel T 
Pickard (the poet’s literary executor), 2 vols., Boston, 1894, the 
standard biography. See also lives by W. S. Kennedy, American 
Reformers series, Boston, 1882 and 1892; F. H. Underwood, Bos¬ 
ton, 1883 and 1893; W. S. Linton, Life of Whittier; Mrs. James T. 
Fields, Whittier: Notes of his Life and his Friendships, Harper’s 
Black and White series; Professor Richard Burton’s Beacon 
Biography, Whittier, Boston, 1901, and Professor George R. Car¬ 
penter’s Life, in the American Men of Letters series. 

Writings : Collected Works, published in various editions by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; the Cambridge Edition, 1894, includes, 
in one volume, all the poems, with an introduction and notes by 
H. E. Scudder. There are other one-volume editions, and numerous 
popular editions, some with annotations, of selected poems. 

Recommended: The poems, — Maud Muller, Skipper Ireson’s 
Ride, Telling the Bees ; hymns: O Holy Father ! Just and True, 
The Farewell of a Virginia Slave Mother, Barbara Frietchie, Laus 
Deo, The Barefoot Boy, Snow-Bound, The Eternal Goodness. 

Criticism: Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; E. P. Whipple, in 
Essays and Reviews, Boston, 1849;. Stedman, in Poets of America, 
1886; Professor Barrett Wendell, in Stclligeri, 1893; H. E. Scud- 


IO 


A meric an Lit era hire 


der, in introduction to Cambridge Edition, 1894; Professor George 
R. Carpenter, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, 
1894; Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches, compiled by L. E. Chittenden, 
eraturCj New York, 1900. 


XV. STATESMEN, ORATORS, AND PUBLICISTS 
OF THE CIVIL WAR 

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) 

Life: Abraham Lincoln, a History, by Col. John G. Nicolay and Col. 
John Hay (now Secretary of State), 10 vols., New York, 1890, is 
the standard biography. See also, a campaign life by Mr. W. D. 
Howells, with J. J. Piatt, Columbus, i860; and the life in the 
American Statesmen series. 

Writings: Complete Works, ed. by Nicolay and Hay, New York, 
1897; and Professor George Edward Woodberry, in Makers of Lit- 
New York, 1895; speeches, particularly the Gettysburg Address. 
are included in all collections of American oratory, and are quoted 
in all studies of their author. 

Recommended: The First Inaugural Address (1861), Remarks 
at the Dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg (1863), 
and The Second Inaugural Address (1865). 

Criticism: Emerson’s Memorial Address, at Concord; Memorial Ad¬ 
dress on Lincoln, Washington, 1866; Whitman’s O Captain, My 
Captain; Lowell, in the Ode at the Harvard Commemoration, and 

in My Study Window; Col. Nicolay, in the Encyclopaedia Britan- 
nica, Vol. XIV.; and Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie, in Warner’s Library 
of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. XVI., 1897. 

Henry Clay (1777-1852). Recommended: Speech on Retirement to 
Private Life (1845). See The Speeches and Writings of Henry 
Clay, edited, with a Life, by Colvin Colton, 1857, 1864. 

John Calhoun (1782-1850). Recommended: On the Constitution and 
Government of the United States (1850). See Collected Works, 
edited, with a Memoir, by Richard K. Crolle, 6 vols, 1853-4. 

Daniel Webster (1782-1852). Recommended: The speeches. — On the 
200th Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims (1820), On the 
50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence (1826), the 
Reply to Hayne (1830), and the Seventh of March Speech (1850). 
See Collected Works, edited by Everett, Felton, Ticknor, and Cur¬ 
tis, with a Life by Everett, 6 vols., 1851; later Life, by Lodge, 1883. 

Edward Everett (1794-1865). Recommended: The Oration on Wash¬ 
ington (1856). See Orations and Speeches, 4 vols, 1858. 

Rufus Choate (1799-1859). Recommended: The Address on The 
Puritan in Religious and Secular Life (1834), the Eulogy on Daniel 
Webster (1853). See Addresses and Orations, 2 vols., 1863. 

Horace Greeley (1811-1872). Recommended: The American Conflict, 
2 vols. (1860-1866). See lives by Parton, 1855; Reavis, 1872; 
Ingersoll, 1873; and others. 

Charles Sumner (1811-1874). Recommended: The oration on The True 
Grandeur of Nations (1845). See Works, 12 vols., 1875, edited 
with a biography, by E. L. Pierce; also lives by Lester and Harsha; 
and the Eulogy, by Schurz. 


The Greater Historians 


ii 


XVI. THE GREATER HISTORIANS, I 

William Hickling Prescott (1796-1859) 

Life: George Ticknor, Life of William H. Prescott, Boston, 1864. 

Writings: Complete Works, published by Lippincott, Philadelphia. 
Separate works are also issued in other editions. 

Recommended: History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, 
3 vols. (1837) 1 selections from History of the Conquest of Mexico, 
3 vols. (1843), and History of the Conquest of Peru, 3 vols. (1847). 

Criticism: E. P. Whipple, Essays and Reviews, 1849; R- M. Wheeler, 
in Encyclopcedia Britannica, Vol. XIX.; and Professor Francis N. 
Thorpe, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. 
XX., 1897. 


George Bancroft (1800-1891) 

Writings: Collected Works, published by D. Appleton & Company, 
New York. Separate works are also issued in other editions. 

Recommended : History of the United States, 10 vols. 1834- 
1875) ; revised, 6 vols. (1884-85). 

Criticism : See Austin Scott, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best 
Literature, Vol. III., 1897. 


XVII. THE GREATER HISTORIANS, II 

John Lothrop Motley (1814-1877) 

Life: Oliver Wendell Holmes, John L. Motley: A Memoir, Boston, 
1878; George William Curtis, The Correspondence of J. L. Motley, 
Edited, 2 vols., New York, 1889. There is also a biography in the 
American Statesmen series. 

Writings : Collected Works, published by Harper & Bros., New York. 
Separate works are also issued in other editions. 

Recommended: The Rise of the Dutch Republic, 3 vols. (1856). 

Criticism: See J. F. Jameson, in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best 
Literature, 1897. 

Francis Parkman (1823-1893) 

Life : Charles H. Farnham, Francis Parkman. 

Writings : Collected Works, published by Little, Brown & Co., Bos¬ 
ton. Separate works are also issued in other editions. There is a 
volume of selections, edited by Professor Pelham Edgar. 

Recommended: The California and Oregon Trail (1849); 

Montcalm and Wolfe, 2 vols. (1885), the seventh and concluding 
volume of the series, France and England in North America (1865- 

1885). 

Criticism: See H. C. Vedder’s American Writers of Today, Boston; 
and Professor John Fiske’s A Century of Science and Other 
Essays. 


12 


American Literature 


XVIII. OTHER HISTORIANS 


John Gorham Palfrey (1796-1881) : Compendious History of New 
England (1873). 

Richard Hildreth (1807-1865) : History of the United States, 6 vols. 
(1849-1856). 

Edward Eggleston (i 837 “ i 90 2 ) • The Beginners of a Nation (1896). 
John Fiske (1842-1902) : The Discovery of America (1892), and others.. 
Significant contemporary writers of history are: 

Secretary John Hay (b. 1838) : Abraham Lincoln: a History, with 
J. G. Nicolay, 1886. 

Captain A. T. Mahan (b. 1840) : The Influence of Sea Power upon 
History, 1660-1783 (1890). 

Professor John B. McMaster (b. 1852) : A History of the People of 
the United States (1883-). 

President Woodrow Wilson (b. 1856) : History of the United States,. 
5 vols. (1903). 


XIX. WRITERS ON RELIGION AND THEOLOGY 

William Ellery Channing (1780-1842). Recommended: Discourse on 
Spiritual Freedom (1830). See Memoir, by W. H. Channing (1848), 
and Works, 1865. 

Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887). Recommended: Selections from 
sermons on Evolution and Religion (1885). See Sermons, edited by 
Lyman Abbott (1868), and Lives, by Joseph Howard (1887) and 
Lyman Abbott (1903). 

Phillips Brooks (1835-1893). Recommended: Selections from Essays 
and Addresses (1894). 

Other notable writers on religion and theology are: Orestes A. Brownson 
(1803-1876) : The Convert (1853), his autobiography; Theodore Parker 
(1810-1860) : Discourse of Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842) ; and 
Andrew D. White (b. 1832) : History of the Warfare of Science with 
Theology (1896). 


XX. RALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803-1882) 

Life: John Elliot Cabot, A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 2 vols., 
Boston, 1890; and Edward Waldo Emerson (son of the poet), 
Emerson in Concord, Boston, 1890, from the standard biography. 
There are shorter lives by Moncure D. Conway, Emerson at Home 
and Abroad, Boston, 1882; Ireland, Ralph Waldo Emerson, His Life, 
Genius and Writings, London, 1883; Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ralph 
Waldo Emerson, American Men of Letters series, Boston, 1884; 
Richard Garnett, in the English Great Writers series, and by others. 

The Correspondence of Carlyle and Emerson, 1834-1872, edited 
by Professor Charles Eliot Norton, appeared in Boston in 1883. 

Writings : Collected Works, published in various editions, by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; there are several one-volume editions of 
the poems, and numerous editions of selections from the prose and 
poetry, some with annotations. 

Recommended: The essays and addresses, — The American 
Scholar (1838) ; Nature, History, Self-Reliance, Compensation, and 
The Over-Soul, from the Essays, first and second series (1841, 
1844) ; and Plato, Shakespeare, and Napoleon, from Representative ■ 


Holmes, Thor can 


n 

Men (1850); and the poems, — The Sphinx, Each and All, The 
Problem, The Rhodora, The Humble Bee, The Snowstorm, Thren¬ 
ody, Concord Hymn, Brahma, and Days. 

Criticism : Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848, and My Study Win¬ 
dow, 1871; Amos Bronson Alcott, Emerson, Boston, 1865; and R. W. 
Emerson, An Estimate of his Character and Genius in Prose and 
Verse, Boston, 1882; Joel Benton, Emerson, A Poet, New York, 1883; 
Matthew Arnold, in Discourses in America, 1885; E. P. Whipple, in 
Recollections of Eminent Men, Boston, 1886; Stedman, in Poets of 
America, 1886; Mr. John Burroughs, in Indoor Studies, 1889; Dr. 
Holmes’s Address on Emerson, in the Massachusetts Historical So¬ 
ciety's Tribute to Longfellow and Emerson, Boston, 1892; Richard 
Garnett, in Warner’s Library of the World's Best Literature, Vol. 
IX., 1897; J. J. Chapman’s Emerson and other Essays, New York, 
1898; see also Frothingham, Transcendentalism in New England. 


XXI. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (1809-1894) 


Life: John T. Morse, Jr., Life and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
2 vols., Boston, 1897, the standard biography. See, also, Dr. Holmes’s 
autobiographical, The Old Gambrel Roof House, in The Poet at 
the Breakfast Table (1872) ; My Hunt after the Captain, and Cinders 
from the Ashes, in Pages from an Old Volume of Life (1883) ; 
and the introduction to A Moral Antipathy (1885). 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions, by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; the Cambridge Edition, 1895, includes, 
in one volume, all the poems, with an introduction and notes by H. 
E. Scudder. There are other one-volume editions of the poems, and 
numerous editions of selections from the prose and poetry; some of 
the latter with annotations, others with illustrations. 

Recommended: The prose, — The Autocrat of the Breakfast 
Table (1858), and Over the Tea-Cups (1891) ; the novel Elsie Ven- 
ner (1861); and the poems, — Old Ironsides, The Last Leaf, The 
Boys, The Chambered Nautilus, The Deacon's Masterpiece, A Sun¬ 
day Hymn, and Dorothy Q. 

Criticism: Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; Stedman, Poets of 
America, 1885; E. P. Whipple, American Literature, 1887; Henry 
Cabot Lodge, Certain Accepted Heroes, and Other Essays; George 
William Curtis, Literary and Social Essays, 1894; H. E. Scudder, 
introduction to the Cambridge Edition of the poems, 1895; Mrs. 
James T. Fields, in Warner’s Library of the World's Best Litera¬ 
ture, Vol. XIII., 1897; and W. D. Howells, in My Literary Friends 
and Acquaintances. 


XXII. HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817-1862). 


Life: Biographical Sketch, by Emerson, in Thoreau’s Excursions, Bos¬ 
ton, 1863; Thoreau: The Poet-Naturalist, With Memorial Verses 
(by Emerson) , by W. E. Channing, Boston, 1873: there are also 
biographies by H. A. Page and F. B. Sanborn. Thoreau’s Letters 
to Various Persons, edited by Emerson, Boston, 1865 ; some letters 
were also edited by F. B. Sanborn. 

Writings : Collected Works, published in various editions by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston; there are also various editions of separate 
works, some with introductions, — three such by Emerson — others 
with illustrations. 

Recommended: Walden (1854). 


14 


A meric an Literature 


Criticism : Lowell, in My Study Window, 1871; T. W. Higginson, 
in Short Studies of American Authors, 1879; Robert Louis Steven¬ 
son, Henry David Thoreau: His Character and Opinions, in Familiar 
Studies of Men and Books, 1882; John Burroughs, in Indoor Studies, 
1889, and Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. 
XXX., 1897, and Bradford Torrey, in introduction to Walden, 1897. 

Other notable writers about nature are, — Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) : 
American Ornithology; John James Audubon (1780-1851) : Birds of 
America; J. L. R. Agassiz (1807-1873) : Methods of Study in Natural 
History; John Muir (b. 1836) : The Mountains of California (1894) ; 
and John Burroughs (b. 1837) : Locusts and Wild Honey (1879). 


XXIII. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (1819-1891) 

Life: Francis H. Underwood, Lowell, Boston, 1882; The Life and 
Letters of Lowell, ed. by Professor Charles Eliot Norton, Boston, 
1896; Edward Everett Hale, James Russell Lowell and his Friends, 
New York, 1899. 

Writings: Collected Works, published in various editions, by Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. The Cambridge Edition, 1896, includes, 
in one volume, all the poems, with an introduction and notes by H. 
E. Scudder. There are other one-volume editions of the poems, and 
numerous editions of selections from the prose and poetry, some 
with annotations, others with illustrations. 

Recommended: The essays and addresses, — Cambridge Thirty 
Years Ago, My Garden Acquaintance, Dante, Don Quixote, Chaucer, 
Spenser, Shakespeare, Emerson, Thoreau, Lincoln, On a Certain 
Condescension in Foreigners, Democracy, and The Independent in 
Politics; the poems, — My Love, The Vision of Sir Launfal, A Fable 
for Critics, The Bigelow Papers, The Courtin’, Al Fresco, In the 
Twilight, Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration. 

Criticism: Lowell, in A Fable for Critics, 1848; Stedman, in Poets of 
America, 1885; E. P. Whipple, in Outlooks on Society, 1888; Pro¬ 
fessor Barrett Wendell, in Stclligeri, 1893; Henry James, in Essays 
in London, 1893, and in Warner’s Library of the World’s Best Lit¬ 
erature, Vol. XVI., 1897; George William Curtis, in Literary and 
Social Essays, 1894; H. E. Scudder, in introduction to the Cambridge 
edition, 1896; W. D. Plowells, in My Literary Friends and Acquain¬ 
tances; and Professor George E. Woodberry, in Makers of Litera¬ 
ture, 1900. 


XXIV. VARIOUS PROSE WRITERS 


Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) : Concord Days (1872). 

Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867) : Pencillings by the Way (1835). 

Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1810-1850) : Woman in the Nineteenth Century 

(i&W). 

Edwin Percy Whipple (1819-1886) : Outlooks on Society, Literature 
and Politics (1888). 

Richard Grant White (1821-1885) : Studies in Shakespeare (1885). 

George William Curtis (1824-1892) : Pruc and I (1857), From the Easy 
Chair (1892). 

Charles Dudley Warner (1829-1899) : My Summer in a Garden (1870), 
As We Were Saying (1891). 

Charles Farrar Browne (1834-1867) : Artemus Ward, His Book (1862). 

John Fiske (1842-1902) : The Destiny of Man (1884), The Idea of 
God (1885). 


Whitman, Lanier 


IS 


Donald Grant Mitchell (b. 1822) : Reveries of a Bachelor (1850). 

Edward Everett Hale (b. 1822) : The Man Without a Country (1868). 

Thomas Wentworth Higginson (b. 1822) : Cheerful Yesterdays (1897). 

Charles Eliot Norton (b. 1827) : The Divine Comedy of Dante. Trans¬ 
lated (1891). 

Edmund Clarence Stedman (b. 1833) : Victorian Poets (1876), Poets 
of America (1885), The Nature and Elements of Poetry (1892). 

William Dean Howells (b. 1837) : Criticism and Fiction (1891), My 
Literary Passions (1895). 

Henry Van Dyke (b. 1852) : The Poetry of Tennyson (1889), Little 
Rivers (1896). 

George Edward Woodberry (b. 1855) : Heart of Man (1899), Makers of 
Literature (1900). 

XXV. WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892) 


Life: Walt Whitman, by R. M. Bucke, M. D. (one of the poet’s literary 
executors), Philadelphia, 1883, is the standard biography. See, also, 
Whitman's Autobiography, New York, 1892; Col. T. C. Donaldson, 
Walt Whitman, The Man, New York, 1896; Elbert Hubbard, in Lit¬ 
tle Journeys to the Homes of American Authors, New York, 1896; 
W. S. Kennedy, Reminiscences of Walt Whitman, with Extracts 
from His Letters, London, 1896; and John Johnston, M. D., Diary 
Notes of a Visit to Walt Whitman, Manchester, 1898. 

Writings: Complete Prose Works, Boston, 1898; Leaves of Grass 
(complete poetical works), Philadelphia, 1891, Boston, 1898. See, 
also, annotated, Selected Poems, ed. by Arthur Stedman, Philadel¬ 
phia, 1892; and Walt Whitman, Selections from His Prose and 
Poetry, ed. by Professor Oscar Lovell Triggs, Boston, 1885. 

Recommended: The poems, — Song of Myself, Song of the 
Open Road, City of Ships, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard 
Bloomed, O Captain! My Captain!, A Noiseless Patient Spider, The 
Commonplace, and Good-Bye My Fancy. 

Criticism: Whitman’s A Backward Glance O’er Travel’d Roads (con¬ 
clusion to Leaves of Grass), 1888; W. D. O’Connor, Good Gray 
Poet; A Vindication, New York, 1866; Stedman, Poets of America, 
1886; Roden Noel, in Essays on Poetry and Poets, London, 1886; 
O. L. Triggs, Walt Whitman and Robert Browning, London, 1893; 
H. L. Traubel, R. M. Bucke, M. D., and T. B. Harned (the poet’s 
literary executors), In re Walt Whitman, Philadelphia, 1893; Robert 
Louis Stevenson, in Familiar Studies of Men and Books, London, 
1896; Edmund Gosse, in Critical Kit-Kats, London, 1896; J. A. 
Symonds, Walt Whitman, A Study, London. 1896; John Burroughs, 
in Whitman, A Study, Boston, 1896, and in Warner’s Library of the 
World’s Best Literature, Vol. XXVII., 1897; J- J- Chapman, in 
Emerson, and Other Essays, New York, 1898; W. N. Guthrie, Walt 
Whitman as Religious and Moral Teacher, Cincinnati, 1899; and 
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, in Contemporaries, 1899. 


XXVI. SIDNEY LANIER (1842-1881) 

Life: Memorial, introduction to Poems (1884). by Dr. William Hayes 
Ward; Letters of Lanier, ed. by Professor William R. Thayer, At¬ 
lantic Monthly, July and August, 1894; Reminiscences of Sidney 
Lanier, by Clifford Lanier (the poet’s brother), Chautauquan, July, 
1805; and Sidney Lanier, a biographical and critical study, by Pro¬ 
fessor William M. Baskerville, Southern Writers series, Nashville,. 
1896. 


i6 


American Literature 


Writings : Lanier’s works are published, in various editions, by Charles 
Scribner’s Sons, New York; the complete Poems, ed. by the poet’s 
wife, with the Memorial, by Dr. Ward, 1884; Selections from Sid¬ 
ney Lanier, ed. with introduction and notes, by Professor Morgan 
Calloway, Jr., 1895. 

Recommended: The poems, — Sunrise, The Marshes of Glynn, 
The Song of the Chattahoochee, The Stirrup-Cup, Opposition, 
The Symphony, and Evening Song; the critical studies, The Science 
of English Verse (1880), and The English Novel (1883). 

Criticism : See Ward, Calloway and Baskerville, as above ; Stedman, 
in Poets of America, 1885; Professor Richard Burton, in Warner’s 
Library of the World’s Best Literature, Vol. XV., 1897; Th. Bentzon 
(Madame Blanc), in Revue des Deux Mondes, January, 1898, ab¬ 
stracted in The Literary Digest, March 19, 1898; and Clyde Furst, 
Concerning Sidney Lanier (with bibliography), Modern Language 
Notes, November, 1899. 


XXVII. LESSER AND CONTEMPORARY POETS 


Philip Fresneau (1752-1832) : The Wild Honey-Suckle. 

Richard Henry Dana, Sr. (1787-1879) : The Buccaneer (1827). 
Fitz-Greene Halleck (1790-1867: Marco Bozzaris, On the Death of 
Drake. 

Joseph Rodman Drake (1795-1820) : The Culprit Fay, The American 
Flag. 

Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867) : Unseen Spirits. 

Josiah Gilbert Holland (1819-1881) : Bittersweet (1858). 

Thomas Buchanan Read (1822-1872) : Sheridan’s Ride. 

Bayard Taylor (1825-1878) : Bedouin Song, Song of the Camp, 
Translation of Goethe’s Faust. 

Richard Henry Stoddard (1825-1903) : Hymn to the Beautiful. 

Henry Timrod (1829-1867) : Spring. 

Paul Hamilton Hayne (1830-1886) : Earth’s Odors after Rain. 

Helen Fiske Jackson (1831-1885) : My Hickory Fire. 

Celia Thaxter (1836-1894) : The Sandpiper. 

Francis Bret Harte (1839-1903) : Plain Language from Truthful James 
(The Heathen Chinee). 

Edward Rowland Sill (1841-1887) : The Fool’s Prayer. 

John Boyle O’Reilly (1844-1900) : The Cry of the Dreamer. 

Eugene Field (1850-1895) : Little Boy Blue. 

Julia Ward Howe (b. 1819) : Battle Hymn of the Republic. 

Edmund Clarence Stedman (b. 1833) : The Hand of Lincoln. 

Thomas Bailey Aldrich (b. 1837) : An Untimely Thought. 

James Whitcomb Riley (b. 1852) : JCnee-Deep in June. 

George Edward Woodberry (b. 1855) : My Country. 


XXVIII. CONTEMPORARY NOVELISTS 


William Dean Howells (b. 1837). Recommended: The descriptive,— 
Venetian Life (1866); the novels, — The Lady of the Aroostook 
(1879) ; The Rise of Silas Lapham (1884) ; and A Hazard of New 
Fortunes (1889) ; the farces in The Mouse Trap and Other Farces 
(1889) ; the criticism, — My Literary Passions (1895) ; and selections 
from the poems, Stops of Various Quills (1895). 

Henry James, Jr. (b. 1843). Recommended: The novels, — The Amer- 


Con temporary Fiction 


1 7 

ican (1877), Daisy Miller (1878), The Portrait of a Lady (1881), 
and The Princess Casamassima (1886); the criticism, — Essays in 
London and Elsewhere (1893). 

Francis Marion Crawford (b. 1854). Recommended: The novels,— 
Mr. Isaacs (1882), Zoroaster (1885), Saracinesca (1887), Greifen- 
stein (1889), and Katharine Lauderdale (1895). 

Other contemporary novelists are: General Lewis Wallace (b. 1827): 
Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880) ; and Dr. S. Wier Mitchell (b. 
1829) : Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker (1897). 


XXIX. SECTIONAL STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY FICTION 

Helen Fiske Jackson [H. H.] (1831-1885): Ramona (1884), — Colo¬ 
rado. 

Edward Eggleston (1837-1902) : The Hoosier Schoolmaster (1871),— 
Indiana. 

Francis Bret Harte (1839-1903) : The Luck of Roaring Camp, The 
Outcasts of Poker Flat, etc. (1870), — California. See, also, his 
Poems (1871). 

Constance Fennimore Woolson (1848-1894) : Rodman the Keeper, and 
Other Southern Sketches (1880), — the South. 

Henry Cuyler Bunner (1855-1896): Short Sixes (1891, 1894), — New 
York City. 

Henry B. Fuller (1859-1900) : The Cliff-Dwellers (1893), —Chi¬ 
cago. 

Richard Malcolm Johnston (b. 1822) : The Dukesborough Tales 
(1871), — Georgia. 

Samuel L. Clemens [Mark Twain] (b. 1835) : The Adventures of Tom 
Sawyer (1875), The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884),— 
the Mississippi. 

F. Hopkinson Smith (b. 1838): Col. Carter of Cartersville (1891).— 
Virginia. 

George W. Cable (b. 1844) : Old Creole Days (1879), The Grandis- 
simes (1880), — New Orleans. 

Mary Hallock Foote (b. 1847) : The Led Horse Claim (1883), — The 
Rocky Mountains. 

Joel Chandler Harris (b. 1848) : Uncle Remus (1880), etc., On the 
Plantation (1892), — Georgia. 

Thomas A. Janvier (b. 1849): Color Studies (1885), — New York 
City. 

Sarah Orne Jewett (b. 1849) : Deephaven (1877), The King of Folly 
Island, and Other People (1888), — Rural New England. 

James Lane Allen (b. 1850) : Flute and Violin, and Other Kentucky 
Tales and Romances (1891), A Kentucky Cardinal (1897). 

Mary N. Murfree [Charles Egbert Craddock] (b. 1850) : In the Ten¬ 
nessee Mountains (1884), The Prophet of the Great Smoky Moun¬ 
tain, — Tennessee. 

Thomas Nelson Page (b. 1853) : In Ole Virginia (1887). 

Harry Stillwell Edwards (b. 1854) : Two Runaways, and Other 
Stories (1889), — Georgia. 

Mary E. Wilkins-Freeman (b. 1855) : A New England Nun and 
Other Stories (1891), — Rural New England. 

Alice French [Octave Thanet] (b. 1850) : Knitters in the Sun (1884), 
Stories of a Western Town (1893), — Arkansas. 

Brander Matthews (b. 1852): Vignettes of Manhattan, — New York 
City. 

Ruth McEnery Stuart (b. 1856) : A Golden Wedding, and Other 
Tales (1893), — Arkansas. 


i8 


American Literature 


Owen Wister (b. i860): Red Men and White (1895), — Wyoming.,. 
Arizona, etc. 

Hamlin Garland (b. i860): Main-Traveled Roads (1891),— Wiscon¬ 
sin, Iowa, Dakota. 


XXX. THE OUTLOOK FOR AMERICAN LITERATURE 

See Stedman’s Poets of America, the concluding chapters of the dif¬ 
ferent histories of literature, and the works of the younger writers 
included in the various anthologies and collections. 









































































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